usa (2002–2005) — nargis et al. 23 (suppl 1): i86 — tobacco control
usa (2002–2005) — nargis et al. 23 (suppl 1): i86 — tobacco control

  1. Nigar Nargis1,2,
  2. Geoffrey T Fong3,4,
  3. Frank J Chaloupka5,
  4. Qiang Li3,6
  1. 1Department of Economics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  2. 2Tobacco Control Economics Unit, Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva
  3. 3Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
  4. 4Ontario Institute of Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
  5. 5Department of Economics and Director, ImpacTeen A Policy Research Partnership to Reduce Substance Use, Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
  6. 6Office of Tobacco Control, China CDC, Beijing, China
  1. Correspondence to Dr Nigar Nargis, Department of Economics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh nigar nargis at
  • Received 23 October 2012
  • Revised 26 July 2013
  • Accepted 30 July 2013
  • Published Online First 28 August 2013

Abstract

Background Increasing tobacco taxes to increase price is a proven tobacco control measure. This article investigates how smokers respond to tax and price increases in their choice of discount brand cigarettes versus premium brands.

Objective To estimate how increase in the tax rate can affect smokers choice of discount brands versus premium brands.

Methods Using data from International Tobacco Control surveys in Canada and the USA, a logit model was constructed to estimate the probability of choosing discount brand cigarettes in response to its price changes relative to premium brands, controlling for individual specific demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and regional effects. The self reported price of an individual smoker is used in a random effects regression model to impute price and to construct the price ratio for discount and premium brands for each smoker, which is used in the logit model.

Findings An increase in the ratio of price of discount brand cigarettes to the price of premium brands by 0.1 is associated with a decrease in the probability of choosing discount brands by 0.08 in Canada. No significant effect is observed in case of the USA.

Conclusions The results of the model explain two phenomena (1) the widened price differential between premium and discount brand cigarettes contributed to the increased share of discount brand cigarettes in Canada in contrast to a relatively steady share in the USA during 2002 2005 and (2) increasing the price ratio of discount brands to premium brands which occurs with an increase in specific excise tax may lead to upward shifting from discount to premium brands rather than to downward shifting. These results underscore the significance of studying the effectiveness of tax increases in reducing overall tobacco consumption, particularly for specific excise taxes.

  • Economics
  • Price
  • Taxation

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